This paper presents an experimental investigation into the compression behavior of shape memory alloy hybrid composites (SMAHC) subjected to quasi-static loading as it relates to the rotation effects of shape memory wire in basalt continuous filament (BCF) direct roving epoxy composite. Two types of BCF direct roving reinforced epoxy composite specimen were prepared: one type was filled with shape memory wire and the other type had no shape memory wire. Compression strengths of two specimens per type are analyzed. Specimens were prepared by hand layup at room temperature for curing. For a composite specimen, four-layer BCF direct roving reinforced epoxy composite was prepared. The effect of shape memory wire on the maximum load bearing capacity of resultant specimens after quasi static damage was experimentally investigated. Results of compression testing for two specimens per type of BCF and SMAHC showed that composite specimens with four layer BCF direct roving reinforced epoxy composite has higher load capacity than SMAHC specimens with rotated wire between second and third layer. The weak interface between shape memory wire and the matrix may be due to incompatibility of materials.

Rotary components are widely used in industries. There is both mechanical and thermal loading in most rotating cylinder applications. On the other hand, functionally graded material has better performance under different loads. Therefore, a finite length two dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM) thick hollow cylinder under angular velocity is investigated, in this research. Volume fraction distribution of functionally graded material and geometry of the cylinder are axisymmetric but not uniform along the radial and axial directions. The finite element method based on Rayliegh-Ritz energy formulation is applied to obtain the governing Equation and associated boundary conditions of a 2D-FG thick hollow cylinder. Using this method, the effects of the power law exponents and angular velocity on the displacements and distribution of stresses are investigated for simply supported 2D-FG thick hollow cylinder. The results indicate that 2D-FGM facilitates improved design, allowing for better control of both maximum stresses and stress distribution through material distribution.

The effects of hollow glass fibers (HGF) on tensile and compression strength and bulk properties of polymeric composites have been studied. In this research, the improvement of impact behavior of composites using hollow polyester fibers is investigated. The damage tolerance of composites reinforced by unidirectional hollow ductile fibers is compared with solid fibers reinforced composites under drop weight impact tests. It is found that hollow fibers composites despite the lower modulus in comparison to solid ones are more impact resistant. It is also found that the force at the crack initiation of composites composed of hollow fibers is 9.5% higher than the other one. It is notable that the damage tolerance is increased to 71% in the hollow fiber specimens.

The Distribution of displacements and stresses in a finite length hollow cylinder made of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) subjected to coupled hygrothermal loading was investigated. The simply supported cylinder was under a transient coupled hygrothermal loading. Furthermore, the internal pressure and viscoelastic foundation can be considered for the cylinder. The coupled equations of heat and moisture transfer and motion equations of the cylinder were solved employing the Fourier series expansion method, the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM), and the Newmark method along the longitudinal direction, the radial direction, and the time domain, respectively. Finally, the distribution of temperature, humidity, deformations, and stresses was obtained. The effects of coupled and uncoupled hygrothermal loading, grading index, hygrothermal boundary condition, and viscoelastic foundation are illustrated in the numerical examples. The results show that the FGM cylinder touches the temperature balance before using the uncoupled model rather than the coupled model. Moreover, by serving the time, the radial displacement, and maximum hoop stress increase, and longitudinal displacement decreases to reach steady-state condition.

In this paper, a numerical solution has been developed for hollow circular cylinders made up of orthotropic material which is subjected to twist using micro polar theory. The effect of twisting moment and material internal length on hollow thick-walled circular cylinder made up of micro polar orthotropic material is investigated. Finite difference method has been used to exhibit the influence of shear moduli and material internal length on shear stresses and couple stresses. It is found that the effect of small characteristic length on shear stresses is negligible and couple stresses present its significance when characteristic length is large in solid particle. The behavior of couple stresses are nonlinear for large internal length while for small internal length couple stresses are linear in nature except near the free boundaries. Torsion in hollow cylinder made up of micro polar orthotropic play vital role in the presence of cracks and holes. Therefore, torsional analysis of hollow cylinder plays important role in the field of biomechanics.

Currently, with the tremendous development in manufacturing composite materials, porous functionally graded materials have attracted many engineering, thermal, and electrical studies and applications on porous structures as most recent applications in functionally graded (FG) materials. In this study, semi-analytical solutions are investigated for perfect and porous FG hollow cylinders influenced by magnetic, and thermo-mechanical loads. Porosities with random distribution on the cylinder are considered. Magneto-thermo elastic characteristic of porous FG cylinder is substantive by modulated power law for even and uneven distributions of porosity in a radial direction of a porous hollow cylinder. The contribution of the present paper is demonstrated in providing complete elastic solutions for porous FG cylinders by considering perfect, even, and uneven distribution. Also, the validation of the grading index and porosity factor on the porous cylinder is reported for two different cases of boundary conditions. All of the two cases are studied in detail and the results of comparison between perfect and porous material are tabulated and discussed. The conclusion of this study should assist with developing mechanical engineering applications.